(20) The definition of to possess ‘brother’, aha for the BT, enjoys likewise been enhanced, even though this means is even used in Turoyo. Hertevin has each other ?aha and you can ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), but Mandaic has only aha (Macuch 1965, 495).
As well, outside NENA, i’ve most other conditions: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)
(21) One to rather strange items that’s attested in every NENA dialects except Sanandaj Christian (and therefore probably just a go pit regarding proof) is actually aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) argues that this phrase comes about supply ql ‘to become crooked’. Most of the languages use the means aqla, except Koy Sanjaq aqla and you will Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.
(22) Some other word chatted about because of the Krotkoff (1985, 131-thirty-two, 134) was baxta ‘woman’, with supplanted new Syriac atta in every NENA, yet not when you look at the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic. Which term generally seems to result of Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It’s fascinating to note you to definitely an uneven plural survives within the numerous dialects: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and you may Halabja inse.
(23) An urgent invention mentioned of the Noldeke (1868, 59) is actually rxata, corresponding to Syriac rhat. The alteration regarding h in order to x in this one-word are found in most of the NENA dialects the spot where the verb is actually attested. Examples: Sanandaj Religious raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi r-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).
(24) Another unexpected invention is the NENA verb ‘fear’, which will take brand new variations zda?an effective, zdaya, and you can zdala regarding the individuals dialects. Macuch and you will Panoussi (1974, 50) provide a possible derivation on the Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Variations toward infixed d are observed in all the new NENA dialects where in fact the supply was attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-fearing (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)
Not all the of one’s distinguishing attributes https://datingranking.net/es/elite-dating-es/ of NENA are located either in Turoyo or Mandaic
I do believe the a lot more than causes it to be obvious that the NENA languages express a wide range of special characteristics being found none in the previous attested types of Aramaic neither on the almost every other way of life dialects. These features range along the domains off phonology, morphology, in addition to lexicon.
Particularly, all the languages from NENA concur from inside the requirements 2, 9, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, 21, and you may 22. All the dialects in which we have advice and additionally agree on requirements 20, 23, and you can twenty-four.
Just about Halabja consent during the standards 8 and you can 11. Criterion six is located in all of the dialects but Halabja, Hertevin, and Sanandaj Religious.
Despite its interior divisions, the new NENA languages means a stunningly coherent group, split clearly out-of one another Turoyo and you will Mandaic. The career ones languages outside the NENA soft may be out of concern.
The amount that enjoys is actually shared across NENA is specially epic when we think about the immense differences when considering the various dialects. The brand new determine away from almost every other dialects towards NENA could have been both deep and you may large, therefore the degree of mutual intelligibility ranging from dialects could be extremely short. The many shared designs argue strongly having a familiar source away from the brand new NENA dialects, either in one dialect or in several closely relevant languages. At the same time, we can detect several important bundles regarding isoglosses and this show the fresh new boundaries from dialect teams.
a) The latest dialect of Halabja will not express some crucial innovations which are found using the other countries in the languages. It does not means an effective CCiC-le preterite regarding intransitive verbs (8), it’s got no b(it)- future marker (10), and contains zero third person only one copula with 1 (11). This can be more fundamental section ranging from dialects of NENA. It means your leftover languages mode a team by which innovations pass on when you find yourself Halabja remained unchanged by the them.